高中語法 | 英語中的語態你還沒徹底把握？真題剖析來搞定

語態是一種動詞的情勢，用來分析主語與謂語動詞之間的干系。英語的語態有主動語態和被動語態兩種。主動語態表現主語是舉措的實行者，而被動語態則表現主語是舉措的承受者。當不曉得誰是舉措的實行者，或沒有必要指出舉措的實行者時常用被動語態。

被動語態的基本運用

【考例1】 He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.

(2017江蘇)

A. was being followed

B. was following

C. had been followed

D. followed

剖析：A。

他匆忙往家趕，從未轉頭看看對否有人隨著他。依據句意可知，此處應為被動語態，且跟蹤的舉措正在舉行，因此A項準確。

【考例2】 In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.

(2017北京)

A haven’t invented

B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented

D. hadn’t been invented

剖析：D。

在20世紀50年代的美國，大大多家庭家中僅有一部電話，無線電話還沒有被創造出來。依據題干可知無線電話和創造之間是被動干系，且時間為已往時，因此用已往完成時的被動語態。

【考例3】

—So what is the procedure?

—All the applicants _____ before a final decision is made by the authority.

(2013北京)

A. interview

B. are interviewing

C. are interviewed

D. are being interviewed

剖析：C。

句中applicants與interview之間為被動干系，使用被動語態。句子所形貌的是一種事情流程，故用尋常如今時。

【考例4】 If nothing _____, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

(2013湖南)

A. does

B. had been done

C. will do

D. is done

剖析：D。

nothing與do之間為被動干系，掃除A、C兩項。依據主句的尋常將來時可知，if引導的條件狀語從句用尋常如今時。

考察動詞的及物與不及物

【考例1】 The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _____ now.

(2010重慶)

A. remains

B. is remained

C. is remaining

D. has been remained

剖析：A。

remain是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態，也不必于舉行時。

【考例2】 Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _____. We must act immediately before there’s none left.

(2012重慶)

A. have run out

B. are running out

C. have been run out

D. are being run out

剖析：B 。

分析語境可知，食品需求即將耗盡。run out為不及物動詞短語，不克不及用被動情勢。如今舉行時表現將來，切合題意。

主動情勢表現被動意義

【考例】 Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _____ to the well-educated.

(2009重慶)

A. belongs

B. is belonged

C. is belonging

D. will be belonged

剖析：A。

短語動詞belong to無被動情勢，也不必于舉行時。

被動語態習氣句型

【考例】 It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

(2009舉國II)

A. said

B. to say

C. saying

D. being said

剖析：A。

It is said that聽說。“It +be+已往分詞+that”譯為“據……”。